Containers have become a popular way to ship vehicles overseas. Cars can be loaded into 20 or 40 foot containers, loaded onto container ships, and shipped to most countries. Unlike roll-on/roll-off vehicle shipping, personal effects can be loaded into the container with the vehicle, allowing for easy international relocation.
ISO standard
Shipping container
There are five common standard lengths, 20-ft (6.1 m), 40-ft (12.2 m), 45-ft (13.7 m), 48-ft (14.6 m), and 53-ft (16.2 m). United States domestic standard containers are generally 48 ft (15 m) and 53-ft (rail and truck). Container capacity is often expressed in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU, or sometimes teu). An equivalent unit is a measure of containerized cargo capacity equal to one standard 20 ft (length) × 8 ft (width) container. As this is an approximate measure, the height of the box is not considered, for instance the 9 ft 6 in (2.9 m) High cube and the 4-ft 3-in (1.3 m) half height 20 ft (6.1 m) containers are also called one TEU.
The maximum gross mass for a 20 ft (6.1 m) dry cargo container is 24,000 kg, and for a 40-ft (including the 2.87 m (9 ft 6 in) high cube container), it is 30,480 kg. Allowing for the tare mass of the container, the maximum payload mass is therefore reduced to approximately 22,000 kg for 20 ft (6.1 m), and 27,000 kg for 40 ft (12 m) containers.[10]
The original choice of 8 foot height for ISO containers was made in part to suit a large proportion of railway tunnels, though some had to be deepened. With the arrival of even taller containers, further enlargement is proving necessary. [11]
Air freight containers
While major airlines use containers that are custom designed for their aircraft and associated ground handling equipment the IATA has created a set of standard container sizes, the LD-designation sizes are shown below:
| Designation | Width (in) | Height (in) | Depth (in) | Base (In) | Max load (lb) | Max load (kg) | Shape |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LD-1 | 92.0 | 64.0 | 60.4 | 61.5 | 3500 | ~1588 | Type A |
| LD-2 | 61.5 | 64.0 | 47.0 | 61.5 | 2700 | ~1225 | Type A |
| LD-3 | 79.0 | 64.0 | 60.4 | 61.5 | 3500 | ~1588 | Type A |
| LD-4 | 96.0 | 64.0 | 60.4 | n/a | 5400 | ~2449 | Rectangular |
| LD-5 | 125.0 | 64.0 | 60.4 | n/a | 7000 | ~3175 | Rectangular |
| LD-6 | 160.0 | 64.0 | 60.4 | 125.0 | 7000 | ~3175 | Type B |
| LD-7 | 125.0 | 64.0 | 80.0 | n/a | 13300 | ~6033 | Rect. or Contoured |
| LD-8 | 125.0 | 64.0 | 60.4 | 96.0 | 5400 | ~2449 | Type B |
| LD-9 | 125.0 | 64.0 | 80.0 | n/a | 13300 | ~6033 | Rect. or Contoured |
| LD-10 | 125.0 | 64.0 | 60.4 | n/a | 7000 | ~3175 | Contoured |
| LD-11 | 125.0 | 64.0 | 60.4 | n/a | 7000 | ~3175 | Rectangular |
| LD-29 | 186.0 | 64.0 | 88.0 | 125.0 | 13300 | ~6033 | Type B |
LD-1, -2, -3, -4, and -8 are those most widely used, together with the rectangular M3 containers.
Load Securing in containers
 Application in container |  Polyester Strapping and Dunnage Bag application |  Polyester Lashing Application |
There are many different ways and materials available to stabilize and secure cargo in containers used in all modes of transportation. Conventional Load Securing methods and materials such as steel banding and wood blocking & bracing have been around for decades and are still widely used. Present Load Securing methods offer several, relatively new and unknown options that have become available through innovation and technological advancement including polyester strapping and -lashing, synthetic webbings and Dunnage Bags, also known as air bags or inflatable bags.
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